Vitalik Buterin's website https://vitalik.ca/ Vitalik Buterin's website http://vitalik.ca/images/icon.png Vitalik Buterin's website https://vitalik.ca/ My self-sovereign / local / private / secure LLM setup, April 2026 https://vitalik.ca/general/2026/04/02/secure_llms.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2026/04/02/secure_llms.html Thu, 02 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Balance of power https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/12/30/balance_of_power.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/12/30/balance_of_power.html Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Let a thousand societies bloom https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/12/17/societies.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/12/17/societies.html Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Plinko PIR tutorial https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/11/25/plinko.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/11/25/plinko.html Tue, 25 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Galaxy brain resistance https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/11/07/galaxybrain.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/11/07/galaxybrain.html Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 A GKR Tutorial https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/10/19/gkr.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/10/19/gkr.html Sun, 19 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Memory access is O(N^[1/3]) https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/10/05/memory13.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/10/05/memory13.html Sun, 05 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 The importance of full-stack openness and verifiability https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/09/24/openness_and_verifiability.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/09/24/openness_and_verifiability.html Wed, 24 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Low-risk defi can be for Ethereum what search was for Google https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/09/21/low_risk_defi.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/09/21/low_risk_defi.html Sun, 21 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 "I support it only if it's open source" should be a more common viewpoint https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/08/12/onlyopensource.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/08/12/onlyopensource.html Tue, 12 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 On idea-driven ideas https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/08/12/ideas.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/08/12/ideas.html Tue, 12 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 My response to AI 2027 https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/07/10/2027.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/07/10/2027.html Thu, 10 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Why I used to prefer permissive licenses and now favor copyleft https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/07/07/copyleft.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/07/07/copyleft.html Mon, 07 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Does digital ID have risks even if it's ZK-wrapped? https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/06/28/zkid.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/06/28/zkid.html Sat, 28 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 A simple explanation of a/(b+c) + b/(c+a) + c/(a+b) = 4 https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/05/11/abc4.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/05/11/abc4.html Sun, 11 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 The math of when stage 1 and stage 2 make sense https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/05/06/stages.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/05/06/stages.html Tue, 06 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Simplifying the L1 https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/05/03/simplel1.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/05/03/simplel1.html Sat, 03 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Why I support privacy https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/04/14/privacy.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/04/14/privacy.html Mon, 14 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 The tree ring model of culture and politics https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/03/29/treering.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/03/29/treering.html Sat, 29 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 We should talk less about public goods funding and more about open source funding https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/03/29/pubos.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/03/29/pubos.html Sat, 29 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 AI as the engine, humans as the steering wheel https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/02/28/aihumans.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/02/28/aihumans.html Fri, 28 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Reasons to have higher L1 gas limits even in an L2-heavy Ethereum https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/02/14/l1scaling.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/02/14/l1scaling.html Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Scaling Ethereum L1 and L2s in 2025 and beyond https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/01/23/l1l2future.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/01/23/l1l2future.html Thu, 23 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 d/acc: one year later https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/01/05/dacc2.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2025/01/05/dacc2.html Sun, 05 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 What I would love to see in a wallet https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/12/03/wallets.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/12/03/wallets.html Tue, 03 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 From prediction markets to info finance https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/11/09/infofinance.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/11/09/infofinance.html Sat, 09 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 6: The Splurge https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/10/29/futures6.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/10/29/futures6.html Tue, 29 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 5: The Purge https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/10/26/futures5.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/10/26/futures5.html Sat, 26 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 4: The Verge https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/10/23/futures4.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/10/23/futures4.html Wed, 23 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 3: The Scourge https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/10/20/futures3.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/10/20/futures3.html Sun, 20 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 2: The Surge https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/10/17/futures2.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/10/17/futures2.html Thu, 17 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 1: The Merge https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/10/14/futures1.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/10/14/futures1.html Mon, 14 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Making Ethereum alignment legible https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/09/28/alignment.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/09/28/alignment.html Sat, 28 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Glue and coprocessor architectures https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/09/02/gluecp.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/09/02/gluecp.html Mon, 02 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Plurality philosophy in an incredibly oversized nutshell https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/08/21/plurality.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/08/21/plurality.html Wed, 21 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Review: museums of the future, Dubai and Tokyo https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/08/03/museumfuture.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/08/03/museumfuture.html Sat, 03 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Exploring circle STARKs https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/07/23/circlestarks.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/07/23/circlestarks.html Tue, 23 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Against choosing your political allegiances based on who is "pro-crypto" https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/07/17/procrypto.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/07/17/procrypto.html Wed, 17 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Epochs and slots all the way down: ways to give Ethereum users faster transaction confirmation times https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/06/30/epochslot.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/06/30/epochslot.html Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Some reflections on the Bitcoin block size war https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/05/31/blocksize.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/05/31/blocksize.html Fri, 31 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Layer 2s as cultural extensions of Ethereum https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/05/29/l2culture.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/05/29/l2culture.html Wed, 29 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 How do layer 2s really differ from execution sharding? https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/05/23/l2exec.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/05/23/l2exec.html Thu, 23 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 The near and mid-term future of improving the Ethereum network's permissionlessness and decentralization https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/05/17/decentralization.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/05/17/decentralization.html Fri, 17 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Multidimensional gas pricing https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/05/09/multidim.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/05/09/multidim.html Thu, 09 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Binius: highly efficient proofs over binary fields https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/04/29/binius.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/04/29/binius.html Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Degen communism: the only correct political ideology https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/04/01/dc.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/04/01/dc.html Mon, 01 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000 What else could memecoins be? https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/03/29/memecoins.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/03/29/memecoins.html Fri, 29 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Ethereum has blobs. Where do we go from here? https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/03/28/blobs.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/03/28/blobs.html Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Ask security questions https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/02/09/securityquestions.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/02/09/securityquestions.html Fri, 09 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000 The end of my childhood https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/01/31/end.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/01/31/end.html Wed, 31 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 The promise and challenges of crypto + AI applications https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/01/30/cryptoai.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2024/01/30/cryptoai.html Tue, 30 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Make Ethereum Cypherpunk Again https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/12/28/cypherpunk.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/12/28/cypherpunk.html Thu, 28 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000 My techno-optimism https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/11/27/techno_optimism.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/11/27/techno_optimism.html Mon, 27 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Exit games for EVM validiums: the return of Plasma https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/11/14/neoplasma.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/11/14/neoplasma.html Tue, 14 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Different types of layer 2s https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/10/31/l2types.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/10/31/l2types.html Tue, 31 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Should Ethereum be okay with enshrining more things in the protocol? https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/09/30/enshrinement.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/09/30/enshrinement.html Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000 What do I think about Community Notes? https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/08/16/communitynotes.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/08/16/communitynotes.html Wed, 16 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000 What do I think about biometric proof of personhood? https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/07/24/biometric.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/07/24/biometric.html Mon, 24 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Deeper dive on cross-L2 reading for wallets and other use cases https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/06/20/deeperdive.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/06/20/deeperdive.html Tue, 20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 The Three Transitions https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/06/09/three_transitions.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/06/09/three_transitions.html Fri, 09 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Don't overload Ethereum's consensus https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/05/21/dont_overload.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/05/21/dont_overload.html Sun, 21 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Travel time ~= 750 * distance ^ 0.6 https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/04/14/traveltime.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/04/14/traveltime.html Fri, 14 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +0000 How will Ethereum's multi-client philosophy interact with ZK-EVMs? https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/03/31/zkmulticlient.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/03/31/zkmulticlient.html Fri, 31 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0000 Some personal user experiences https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/02/28/ux.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/02/28/ux.html Tue, 28 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000 An incomplete guide to stealth addresses https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/01/20/stealth.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2023/01/20/stealth.html Fri, 20 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000 What even is an institution? https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/12/30/institutions.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/12/30/institutions.html Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Updating my blog: a quick GPT chatbot coding experiment https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/12/06/gpt3.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/12/06/gpt3.html Tue, 06 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000 What in the Ethereum application ecosystem excites me https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/12/05/excited.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/12/05/excited.html Mon, 05 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Having a safe CEX: proof of solvency and beyond https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/11/19/proof_of_solvency.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/11/19/proof_of_solvency.html Sat, 19 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +0000 我在加密世界的一些个人体验 https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/10/28/ux_zhCN.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/10/28/ux_zhCN.html Fri, 28 Oct 2022 00:00:00 +0000 收入-邪恶曲线：思考“公共物品融资优先”的另一种方式 https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/10/28/revenue_evil_zhCN.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/10/28/revenue_evil_zhCN.html Fri, 28 Oct 2022 00:00:00 +0000 The Revenue-Evil Curve: a different way to think about prioritizing public goods funding https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/10/28/revenue_evil.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/10/28/revenue_evil.html Fri, 28 Oct 2022 00:00:00 +0000 DAOs are not corporations: where decentralization in autonomous organizations matters https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/09/20/daos.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/09/20/daos.html Tue, 20 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000 What kind of layer 3s make sense? https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/09/17/layer_3.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/09/17/layer_3.html Sat, 17 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Should there be demand-based recurring fees on ENS domains? https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/09/09/ens.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/09/09/ens.html Fri, 09 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000 不同類型的 ZK-EVM https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/08/29/zkevm_zhTW.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/08/29/zkevm_zhTW.html Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 +0000 The different types of ZK-EVMs https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/08/04/zkevm.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/08/04/zkevm.html Thu, 04 Aug 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Farklı ZK-EVM Türleri https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/08/04/zkevm_TR.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/08/04/zkevm_TR.html Thu, 04 Aug 2022 00:00:00 +0000 「网络国家」之我见 https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/07/13/networkstates_zhCN.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/07/13/networkstates_zhCN.html Wed, 13 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000 What do I think about network states? https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/07/13/networkstates.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/07/13/networkstates.html Wed, 13 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000 My 40-liter backpack travel guide https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/06/20/backpack.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/06/20/backpack.html Mon, 20 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Some ways to use ZK-SNARKs for privacy https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/06/15/using_snarks.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/06/15/using_snarks.html Wed, 15 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Where to use a blockchain in non-financial applications? https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/06/12/nonfin.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/06/12/nonfin.html Sun, 12 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Two thought experiments to evaluate automated stablecoins https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/05/25/stable.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/05/25/stable.html Wed, 25 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000 In Defense of Bitcoin Maximalism https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/04/01/maximalist.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/04/01/maximalist.html Fri, 01 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0000 The roads not taken https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/03/29/road.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/03/29/road.html Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0000 How do trusted setups work? https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/03/14/trustedsetup.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/03/14/trustedsetup.html Mon, 14 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Encapsulated vs systemic complexity in protocol design https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/02/28/complexity.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/02/28/complexity.html Mon, 28 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000 Soulbound https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/01/26/soulbound.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/01/26/soulbound.html Wed, 26 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000 The bulldozer vs vetocracy political axis https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/12/19/bullveto.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/12/19/bullveto.html Sun, 19 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Endgame https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/12/06/endgame.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/12/06/endgame.html Mon, 06 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Review of Optimism retro funding round 1 https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/11/16/retro1.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/11/16/retro1.html Tue, 16 Nov 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Halo and more: exploring incremental verification and SNARKs without pairings https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/11/05/halo.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/11/05/halo.html Fri, 05 Nov 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Crypto Cities https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/10/31/cities.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/10/31/cities.html Sun, 31 Oct 2021 00:00:00 +0000 On Nathan Schneider on the limits of cryptoeconomics https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/09/26/limits.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/09/26/limits.html Sun, 26 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Alternatives to selling at below-market-clearing prices for achieving fairness (or community sentiment, or fun) https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/08/22/prices.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/08/22/prices.html Sun, 22 Aug 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Moving beyond coin voting governance https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/08/16/voting3.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/08/16/voting3.html Mon, 16 Aug 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Against overuse of the Gini coefficient https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/07/29/gini.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/07/29/gini.html Thu, 29 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Verkle trees https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/06/18/verkle.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/06/18/verkle.html Fri, 18 Jun 2021 00:00:00 +0000 La votación mediante blockchain está sobrevalorada entre personas desinformadas pero subestimada entre personas informadas https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/05/25/voting2_ES.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/05/25/voting2_ES.html Tue, 25 May 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Blockchain voting is overrated among uninformed people but underrated among informed people https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/05/25/voting2.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/05/25/voting2.html Tue, 25 May 2021 00:00:00 +0000 The Limits to Blockchain Scalability https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/05/23/scaling.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/05/23/scaling.html Sun, 23 May 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Why sharding is great: demystifying the technical properties https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/04/07/sharding.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/04/07/sharding.html Wed, 07 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Gitcoin Grants Round 9: The Next Phase of Growth https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/04/02/round9.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/04/02/round9.html Fri, 02 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000 The Most Important Scarce Resource is Legitimacy https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/03/23/legitimacy.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/03/23/legitimacy.html Tue, 23 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 El recurso escaso más importante es la legitimidad https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/03/23/legitimacy_ES.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/03/23/legitimacy_ES.html Tue, 23 Mar 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Prediction Markets: Tales from the Election https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/02/18/election.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/02/18/election.html Thu, 18 Feb 2021 00:00:00 +0000 An approximate introduction to how zk-SNARKs are possible https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/01/26/snarks.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/01/26/snarks.html Tue, 26 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Why we need wide adoption of social recovery wallets https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/01/11/recovery.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/01/11/recovery.html Mon, 11 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000 An Incomplete Guide to Rollups https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/01/05/rollup.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/01/05/rollup.html Tue, 05 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000 La Guía Incompleta de los Rollups https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/01/05/rollup_ES.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/01/05/rollup_ES.html Tue, 05 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Endnotes on 2020: Crypto and Beyond https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/12/28/endnotes.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/12/28/endnotes.html Mon, 28 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Convex and Concave Dispositions https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/11/08/concave.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/11/08/concave.html Sun, 08 Nov 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Why Proof of Stake (Nov 2020) https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/11/06/pos2020.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/11/06/pos2020.html Fri, 06 Nov 2020 00:00:00 +0000 為什麼權益證明棒棒的（2020 年十一月） https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/11/06/pos2020_zhTW.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/11/06/pos2020_zhTW.html Fri, 06 Nov 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Gitcoin Grants Round 7 Retrospective https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/10/18/round7.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/10/18/round7.html Sun, 18 Oct 2020 00:00:00 +0000 7ème tour des subventions Gitcoin - Rétrospective https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/10/18/round7_FR.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/10/18/round7_FR.html Sun, 18 Oct 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Coordination, Good and Bad https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/09/11/coordination.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/09/11/coordination.html Fri, 11 Sep 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Trust Models https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/08/20/trust.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/08/20/trust.html Thu, 20 Aug 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Philosophy of Blockchain Validation https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/08/17/philosophy.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/08/17/philosophy.html Mon, 17 Aug 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Gitcoin Grants Round 6 Retrospective https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/07/22/round6.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/07/22/round6.html Wed, 22 Jul 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Exploring Fully Homomorphic Encryption https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/07/20/homomorphic.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/07/20/homomorphic.html Mon, 20 Jul 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Gitcoin Grants Round 5 Retrospective https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/04/30/round5.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/04/30/round5.html Thu, 30 Apr 2020 00:00:00 +0000 A Quick Garbled Circuits Primer https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/03/21/garbled.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/03/21/garbled.html Sat, 21 Mar 2020 00:00:00 +0000 預測市場：一個選舉小故事（2021年 二月） https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/02/18/election_zhTW.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/02/18/election_zhTW.html Tue, 18 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Review of Gitcoin Quadratic Funding Round 4 https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/01/28/round4.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/01/28/round4.html Tue, 28 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Base Layers And Functionality Escape Velocity https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/12/26/mvb.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/12/26/mvb.html Thu, 26 Dec 2019 00:00:00 +0000 Christmas Special https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/12/24/christmas.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/12/24/christmas.html Tue, 24 Dec 2019 00:00:00 +0000 Quadratic Payments: A Primer https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/12/07/quadratic.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/12/07/quadratic.html Sat, 07 Dec 2019 00:00:00 +0000 Hard Problems in Cryptocurrency: Five Years Later https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/11/22/progress.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/11/22/progress.html Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 +0000 Review of Gitcoin Quadratic Funding Round 3 https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/10/24/gitcoin.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/10/24/gitcoin.html Thu, 24 Oct 2019 00:00:00 +0000 In-person meatspace protocol to prove unconditional possession of a private key https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/10/01/story.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/10/01/story.html Tue, 01 Oct 2019 00:00:00 +0000 Understanding PLONK https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/09/22/plonk.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/09/22/plonk.html Sun, 22 Sep 2019 00:00:00 +0000 The Dawn of Hybrid Layer 2 Protocols https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/08/28/hybrid_layer_2.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/08/28/hybrid_layer_2.html Wed, 28 Aug 2019 00:00:00 +0000 Sidechains vs Plasma vs Sharding https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/06/12/plasma_vs_sharding.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/06/12/plasma_vs_sharding.html Wed, 12 Jun 2019 00:00:00 +0000 Fast Fourier Transforms https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/05/12/fft.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/05/12/fft.html Sun, 12 May 2019 00:00:00 +0000 Control as Liability https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/05/09/control_as_liability.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/05/09/control_as_liability.html Thu, 09 May 2019 00:00:00 +0000 On Free Speech https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/04/16/free_speech.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/04/16/free_speech.html Tue, 16 Apr 2019 00:00:00 +0000 On Collusion https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/04/03/collusion.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/04/03/collusion.html Wed, 03 Apr 2019 00:00:00 +0000 [Mirror] Cantor was Wrong: debunking the infinite set hierarchy https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/04/01/cantor.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/04/01/cantor.html Mon, 01 Apr 2019 00:00:00 +0000 A CBC Casper Tutorial https://vitalik.ca/general/2018/12/05/cbc_casper.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2018/12/05/cbc_casper.html Wed, 05 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000 [Mirror] Central Planning as Overfitting https://vitalik.ca/general/2018/11/25/central_planning.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2018/11/25/central_planning.html Sun, 25 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Layer 1 Should Be Innovative in the Short Term but Less in the Long Term https://vitalik.ca/general/2018/08/26/layer_1.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2018/08/26/layer_1.html Sun, 26 Aug 2018 00:00:00 +0000 A Guide to 99% Fault Tolerant Consensus https://vitalik.ca/general/2018/08/07/99_fault_tolerant.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2018/08/07/99_fault_tolerant.html Tue, 07 Aug 2018 00:00:00 +0000 STARKs, Part 3: Into the Weeds https://vitalik.ca/general/2018/07/21/starks_part_3.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2018/07/21/starks_part_3.html Sat, 21 Jul 2018 00:00:00 +0000 On Radical Markets https://vitalik.ca/general/2018/04/20/radical_markets.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2018/04/20/radical_markets.html Fri, 20 Apr 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Governance, Part 2: Plutocracy Is Still Bad https://vitalik.ca/general/2018/03/28/plutocracy.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2018/03/28/plutocracy.html Wed, 28 Mar 2018 00:00:00 +0000 Sharding FAQ https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/12/31/sharding_faq.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/12/31/sharding_faq.html Sun, 31 Dec 2017 00:00:00 +0000 Proof of Stake FAQ https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/12/31/pos_faq.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/12/31/pos_faq.html Sun, 31 Dec 2017 00:00:00 +0000 Notes on Blockchain Governance https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/12/17/voting.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/12/17/voting.html Sun, 17 Dec 2017 00:00:00 +0000 A Quick Gasprice Market Analysis https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/12/14/gas_analysis.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/12/14/gas_analysis.html Thu, 14 Dec 2017 00:00:00 +0000 STARKs, Part II: Thank Goodness It's FRI-day https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/11/22/starks_part_2.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/11/22/starks_part_2.html Wed, 22 Nov 2017 00:00:00 +0000 STARKs, Part I: Proofs with Polynomials https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/11/09/starks_part_1.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/11/09/starks_part_1.html Thu, 09 Nov 2017 00:00:00 +0000 On Medium-of-Exchange Token Valuations https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/10/17/moe.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/10/17/moe.html Tue, 17 Oct 2017 00:00:00 +0000 A Prehistory of the Ethereum Protocol https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/09/14/prehistory.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/09/14/prehistory.html Thu, 14 Sep 2017 00:00:00 +0000 A Note on Metcalfe's Law, Externalities and Ecosystem Splits https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/07/27/metcalfe.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/07/27/metcalfe.html Thu, 27 Jul 2017 00:00:00 +0000 The Triangle of Harm https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/07/16/triangle_of_harm.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/07/16/triangle_of_harm.html Sun, 16 Jul 2017 00:00:00 +0000 On Path Independence https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/06/22/marketmakers.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/06/22/marketmakers.html Thu, 22 Jun 2017 00:00:00 +0000 Analyzing Token Sale Models https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/06/09/sales.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/06/09/sales.html Fri, 09 Jun 2017 00:00:00 +0000 Engineering Security Through Coordination Problems https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/05/08/coordination_problems.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/05/08/coordination_problems.html Mon, 08 May 2017 00:00:00 +0000 Hard Forks, Soft Forks, Defaults and Coercion https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/03/14/forks_and_markets.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/03/14/forks_and_markets.html Tue, 14 Mar 2017 00:00:00 +0000 A Note On Charity Through Marginal Price Discrimination https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/03/11/a_note_on_charity.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/03/11/a_note_on_charity.html Sat, 11 Mar 2017 00:00:00 +0000 [Mirror] Zk-SNARKs: Under the Hood https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/02/01/zk_snarks.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/02/01/zk_snarks.html Wed, 01 Feb 2017 00:00:00 +0000 [Mirror] Exploring Elliptic Curve Pairings https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/01/14/exploring_ecp.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/01/14/exploring_ecp.html Sat, 14 Jan 2017 00:00:00 +0000 [Mirror] Bir Proof of Stake Tasarım Felsefesi https://vitalik.ca/general/2016/12/29/pos_design_TR.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2016/12/29/pos_design_TR.html Thu, 29 Dec 2016 00:00:00 +0000 [Mirror] A Proof of Stake Design Philosophy https://vitalik.ca/general/2016/12/29/pos_design.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2016/12/29/pos_design.html Thu, 29 Dec 2016 00:00:00 +0000 [Mirror] Quadratic Arithmetic Programs: from Zero to Hero https://vitalik.ca/general/2016/12/10/qap.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2016/12/10/qap.html Sat, 10 Dec 2016 00:00:00 +0000 Situazioni di collusione https://vitalik.ca/general/2000/01/01/On_Collusion_IT.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2000/01/01/On_Collusion_IT.html Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 +0000 Zmowa https://vitalik.ca/general/2000/01/01/On_Collusion_Polish.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2000/01/01/On_Collusion_Polish.html Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 +0000 Na colusão https://vitalik.ca/general/2000/01/01/On_Collusion_Portuguese.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2000/01/01/On_Collusion_Portuguese.html Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 +0000 Über Kollusion https://vitalik.ca/general/2000/01/01/On_Collusion_DE.html https://vitalik.ca/general/2000/01/01/On_Collusion_DE.html Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 +0000